Wednesday, 30 November 2016

HTML ATTRIBUTES

WHAT IS HTML Attributes

  • All HTML elements can have attributes
  • Attributes provide additional information about an element
  • Attributes are always specified in the start tag
  • Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

1-  lang Attribute
       The language of the document can be declared in the <html> tag.
      The language is declared with the lang attribute.
     Declaring a language is important for accessibility applications (screen readers) and      search engines:
    <html lang="en-US">

2- title Attribute
Here, a title attribute is added to the <p> element. The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the paragraph:
       <p title="I'm a tooltip">
        This is a paragraph.
       </p>

3- href Attribute
    HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in                    the href attribute:
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>


4- Size Attributes
      HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The filename of the source (src), and the size of the image (width and height) are all provided as attributes
     <img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">


5- alt Attribute
   The alt attribute specifies an alternative text to be used, when an image cannot be displayed.
The value of the attribute can be read by screen readers. This way, someone "listening" to the webpage, e.g. a blind person, can "hear" the element.
<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">


SOME IMPORTANT POINTS WHILE USING ATTRIBUTES

A->Use Lowercase Attributes

The HTML5 standard does not require lowercase attribute names.
The title attribute can be written with uppercase or lowercase like Title and/or TITLE.
BUT USE OF LOWERCASE WILL BE GOOD .

B->Single or Double Quotes.

Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can also be used.
In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:
<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>
Or vice versa:
<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">
MM



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HTML FORM

The <form> Element

The HTML <form> element defines a form that is used to collect user input:
<form>
.
form elements
.
</form>
An HTML form contains form elements.
Form elements are different types of input elements, like text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, and more.

The <input> Element

The <input> element is the most important form element.
The <input> element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type attribute.
Here are some examples:
TypeDescription
<input type="text">Defines a one-line text input field
<input type="radio">Defines a radio button (for selecting one of many choices)
<input type="submit">Defines a submit button (for submitting the form)
You will learn a lot more about input types later in this tutorial.

Text Input

<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field for text input:

Example

<form>
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how it will look like in a browser:
First name:

Last name:

Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Radio Button Input

<input type="radio"> defines a radio button.
Radio buttons let a user select ONE of a limited number of choices:

Example

<form>
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" checked> Male<br>
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female"> Female<br>
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="other"> Other
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
 Male
 Female
 Other

The Submit Button

<input type="submit"> defines a button for submitting the form data to a form-handler.
The form-handler is typically a server page with a script for processing input data.
The form-handler is specified in the form's action attribute:

Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname" value="Mickey"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse"><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
First name:

Last name:


The Action Attribute

The action attribute defines the action to be performed when the form is submitted.
Normally, the form data is sent to a web page on the server when the user clicks on the submit button.
In the example above, the form data is sent to a page on the server called "action_page.php". This page contains a server-side script that handles the form data:
<form action="action_page.php">
If the action attribute is omitted, the action is set to the current page.

The Method Attribute

The method attribute specifies the HTTP method (GET or POST) to be used when submitting the form data:
<form action="action_page.php" method="get">
or:
<form action="action_page.php" method="post">

When to Use GET?

The default method when submitting form data is GET.
However, when GET is used, the submitted form data will be visible in the page address field:
action_page.php?firstname=Mickey&lastname=Mouse
Note: GET must NOT be used when sending sensitive information! GET is best suited for short, non-sensitive, amounts of data, because it has size limitations too.

When to Use POST?

Always use POST if the form data contains sensitive or personal information. The POST method does not display the submitted form data in the page address field.
POST has no size limitations, and can be used to send large amounts of data.

The Name Attribute

Each input field must have a name attribute to be submitted.
If the name attribute is omitted, the data of that input field will not be sent at all.
This example will only submit the "Last name" input field:

Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" value="Mickey"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse"><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Grouping Form Data with <fieldset>

The <fieldset> element is used to group related data in a form.
The <legend> element defines a caption for the <fieldset> element.

Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Personal information:</legend>
    First name:<br>
    <input type="text" name="firstname" value="Mickey"><br>
    Last name:<br>
    <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse"><br><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Submit">
  </fieldset>
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
Personal information:First name:

Last name:


More Examples

Send e-mail from a form
How to send e-mail from a form.

Test Yourself with Exercises!

Here is the list of <form> attributes:
AttributeDescription
accept-charsetSpecifies the charset used in the submitted form (default: the page charset).
actionSpecifies an address (url) where to submit the form (default: the submitting page).
autocompleteSpecifies if the browser should autocomplete the form (default: on).
enctypeSpecifies the encoding of the submitted data (default: is url-encoded).
methodSpecifies the HTTP method used when submitting the form (default: GET).
nameSpecifies a name used to identify the form (for DOM usage: document.forms.name).
novalidateSpecifies that the browser should not validate the form.
targetSpecifies the target of the address in the action attribute (default: _self).
You will learn more about the form attributes in the next chapters.

HTML Form Elements

❮ PreviousNext ❯
This chapter describes all HTML form elements.

The <input> Element

The most important form element is the <input> element.
The <input> element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type attribute.
All the different input types are covered in the next chapter.

The <select> Element

The <select> element defines a drop-down list:

Example

<select name="cars">
  <option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
  <option value="saab">Saab</option>
  <option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
  <option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>
Try it Yourself »
The <option> elements defines an option that can be selected.
By default, the first item in the drop-down list is selected.
To define a pre-selected option, add the selected attribute to the option:

Example

<option value="fiat" selected>Fiat</option>
Try it Yourself »

The <textarea> Element

The <textarea> element defines a multi-line input field (a text area):

Example

<textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="30">
The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>
Try it Yourself »
The rows attribute specifies the visible number of lines in a text area.
The cols attribute specifies the visible width of a text area.
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
 

The <button> Element

The <button> element defines a clickable button:

Example

<button type="button" onclick="alert('Hello World!')">Click Me!</button>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
 

HTML5 Form Elements

HTML5 added the following form elements:
  • <datalist>
  • <keygen>
  • <output>
Note: Browsers do not display unknown elements. New elements that are not supported in older browsers will not "destroy" your web page.

HTML5 <datalist> Element

The <datalist> element specifies a list of pre-defined options for an <input> element.
Users will see a drop-down list of the pre-defined options as they input data.
The list attribute of the <input> element, must refer to the id attribute of the <datalist> element.
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Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  <input list="browsers">
  <datalist id="browsers">
    <option value="Internet Explorer">
    <option value="Firefox">
    <option value="Chrome">
    <option value="Opera">
    <option value="Safari">
  </datalist> 
</form>
Try it Yourself »

HTML5 <keygen> Element

The purpose of the <keygen> element is to provide a secure way to authenticate users.
The <keygen> element specifies a key-pair generator field in a form.
When the form is submitted, two keys are generated, one private and one public.
The private key is stored locally, and the public key is sent to the server.
The public key could be used to generate a client certificate to authenticate the user in the future.
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Example

A form with a keygen field:
<form action="action_page.php">
  Username: <input type="text" name="user">
  Encryption: <keygen name="security">
  <input type="submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

HTML5 <output> Element

The <output> element represents the result of a calculation (like one performed by a script).
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Example

Perform a calculation and show the result in an <output> element:
<form action="action_page.php"
  oninput="x.value=parseInt(a.value)+parseInt(b.value)">
  0
  <input type="range"  id="a" name="a" value="50">
  100 +
  <input type="number" id="b" name="b" value="50">
  =
  <output name="x" for="a b"></output>
  <br><br>
  <input type="submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Test Yourself with Exercises!

HTML Form Elements

= new in HTML5.

TagDescription
<form>Defines an HTML form for user input
<input>Defines an input control
<textarea>Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<label>Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset>Groups related elements in a form
<legend>Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<select>Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup>Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>Defines an option in a drop-down list
<button>Defines a clickable button
<datalist>Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<keygen>Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
<output>Defines the result of a calculation

HTML Input Types

❮ PreviousNext ❯
This chapter describes the different input types for the <input> element.

Input Type Text

<input type="text"> defines a one-line text input field:

Example

<form>
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
First name:

Last name:

Input Type Password

<input type="password"> defines a password field:

Example

<form>
  User name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="username"><br>
  User password:<br>
  <input type="password" name="psw">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
User name:

User password:

The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Input Type Submit

<input type="submit"> defines a button for submitting form data to a form-handler.
The form-handler is typically a server page with a script for processing input data.
The form-handler is specified in the form's action attribute:

Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname" value="Mickey"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse"><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
First name:

Last name:
 

If you omit the submit button's value attribute, the button will get a default text:

Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname" value="Mickey"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse"><br><br>
  <input type="submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Reset

<input type="reset"> defines a reset button that will reset all form values to their default values:

Example

<form action="action_page.php">
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname" value="Mickey"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse"><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
  <input type="reset">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
First name:

Last name:
 

 
If you change the input values and then click the "Reset" button, the form-data will be reset to the default values.

Input Type Radio

<input type="radio"> defines a radio button.
Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

Example

<form>
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" checked> Male<br>
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female"> Female<br>
  <input type="radio" name="gender" value="other"> Other
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
 Male
 Female
 Other

Input Type Checkbox

<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox.
Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

Example

<form>
  <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle1" value="Bike"> I have a bike<br>
  <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle2" value="Car"> I have a car 
</form>
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
 I have a bike 
 I have a car

Input Type Button

<input type="button"> defines a button:

Example

<input type="button" onclick="alert('Hello World!')" value="Click Me!">
Try it Yourself »
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

HTML5 Input Types

HTML5 added several new input types:
  • color
  • date
  • datetime
  • datetime-local
  • email
  • month
  • number
  • range
  • search
  • tel
  • time
  • url
  • week
New input types that are not supported by older web browsers will behave as <input type="text">.

Input Type Number

The <input type="number"> defines a numeric input field.
You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted.
The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 1 to 5:
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Example

<form>
  Quantity (between 1 and 5):
  <input type="number" name="quantity" min="1" max="5">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Restrictions

Here is a list of some common input restrictions (some are new in HTML5):
AttributeDescription
disabledSpecifies that an input field should be disabled
maxSpecifies the maximum value for an input field
maxlengthSpecifies the maximum number of character for an input field
minSpecifies the minimum value for an input field
patternSpecifies a regular expression to check the input value against
readonlySpecifies that an input field is read only (cannot be changed)
requiredSpecifies that an input field is required (must be filled out)
sizeSpecifies the width (in characters) of an input field
stepSpecifies the legal number intervals for an input field
valueSpecifies the default value for an input field
You will learn more about input restrictions in the next chapter.
The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 0 to 100, in steps of 10. The default value is 30:
OperaSafariChromeFirefoxInternet Explorer

Example

<form>
  Quantity:
  <input type="number" name="points" min="0" max="100" step="10" value="30">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Date

The <input type="date"> is used for input fields that should contain a date.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
OperaSafariChromeFirefoxInternet Explorer

Example

<form>
  Birthday:
  <input type="date" name="bday">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
You can also add restrictions to dates:
OperaSafariChromeFirefoxInternet Explorer

Example

<form>
  Enter a date before 1980-01-01:
  <input type="date" name="bday" max="1979-12-31"><br>
  Enter a date after 2000-01-01:
  <input type="date" name="bday" min="2000-01-02"><br>
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Color

The <input type="color"> is used for input fields that should contain a color.
Depending on browser support, a color picker can show up in the input field.
OperaSafariChromeFirefoxInternet Explorer

Example

<form>
  Select your favorite color:
  <input type="color" name="favcolor">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Range

The <input type="range"> is used for input fields that should contain a value within a range.
Depending on browser support, the input field can be displayed as a slider control.
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Example

<form>
  <input type="range" name="points" min="0" max="10">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
You can use the following attributes to specify restrictions: min, max, step, value.

Input Type Month

The <input type="month"> allows the user to select a month and year.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
OperaSafariChromeFirefoxInternet Explorer

Example

<form>
  Birthday (month and year):
  <input type="month" name="bdaymonth">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Week

The <input type="week"> allows the user to select a week and year.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
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Example

<form>
  Select a week:
  <input type="week" name="week_year">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Time

The <input type="time"> allows the user to select a time (no time zone).
Depending on browser support, a time picker can show up in the input field.
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Example

<form>
  Select a time:
  <input type="time" name="usr_time">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Datetime-local

The <input type="datetime-local"> specifies a date and time input field, with no time zone.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
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Example

<form>
  Birthday (date and time):
  <input type="datetime-local" name="bdaytime">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Email

The <input type="email"> is used for input fields that should contain an e-mail address.
Depending on browser support, the e-mail address can be automatically validated when submitted.
Some smartphones recognize the email type, and adds ".com" to the keyboard to match email input.
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Example

<form>
  E-mail:
  <input type="email" name="email">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Search

The <input type="search"> is used for search fields (a search field behaves like a regular text field).
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Example

<form>
  Search Google:
  <input type="search" name="googlesearch">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Tel

The <input type="tel"> is used for input fields that should contain a telephone number.
The tel type is currently supported only in Safari 8.
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Example

<form>
  Telephone:
  <input type="tel" name="usrtel">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

Input Type Url

The <input type="url"> is used for input fields that should contain a URL address.
Depending on browser support, the url field can be automatically validated when submitted.
Some smartphones recognize the url type, and adds ".com" to the keyboard to match url input.
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Example

<form>
  Add your homepage:
  <input type="url" name="homepage">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

HTML Input Attributes

❮ PreviousNext ❯

The value Attribute

The value attribute specifies the initial value for an input field:

Example

<form action="">
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" value="John">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

The readonly Attribute

The readonly attribute specifies that the input field is read only (cannot be changed):

Example

<form action="">
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" value="John" readonly>
</form>
Try it Yourself »

The disabled Attribute

The disabled attribute specifies that the input field is disabled.
A disabled input field is unusable and un-clickable, and its value will not be sent when submitting the form:

Example

<form action="">
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" value="John" disabled>
</form>
Try it Yourself »

The size Attribute

The size attribute specifies the size (in characters) for the input field:

Example

<form action="">
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" value="John" size="40">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

The maxlength Attribute

The maxlength attribute specifies the maximum allowed length for the input field:

Example

<form action="">
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" maxlength="10">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
With a maxlength attribute, the input field will not accept more than the allowed number of characters.
The maxlength attribute does not provide any feedback. If you want to alert the user, you must write JavaScript code.
Note: Input restrictions are not foolproof, and JavaScript provides many ways to add illegal input. To safely restrict input, it must be checked by the receiver (the server) as well!

HTML5 Attributes

HTML5 added the following attributes for <input>:
  • autocomplete
  • autofocus
  • form
  • formaction
  • formenctype
  • formmethod
  • formnovalidate
  • formtarget
  • height and width
  • list
  • min and max
  • multiple
  • pattern (regexp)
  • placeholder
  • required
  • step
and the following attributes for <form>:
  • autocomplete
  • novalidate

The autocomplete Attribute

The autocomplete attribute specifies whether a form or input field should have autocomplete on or off.
When autocomplete is on, the browser automatically complete the input values based on values that the user has entered before.
Tip: It is possible to have autocomplete "on" for the form, and "off" for specific input fields, or vice versa.
The autocomplete attribute works with <form> and the following <input> types: text, search, url, tel, email, password, datepickers, range, and color.
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Example

An HTML form with autocomplete on (and off for one input field):
<form action="action_page.php" autocomplete="on">
  First name:<input type="text" name="fname"><br>
  Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br>
  E-mail: <input type="email" name="email" autocomplete="off"><br>
  <input type="submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »
Tip: In some browsers you may need to activate the autocomplete function for this to work.

The novalidate Attribute

The novalidate attribute is a <form> attribute.
When present, novalidate specifies that the form data should not be validated when submitted.
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Example

Indicates that the form is not to be validated on submit:
<form action="action_page.php" novalidate>
  E-mail: <input type="email" name="user_email">
  <input type="submit">
</form>
Try it Yourself »

The autofocus Attribute

The autofocus attribute specifies that the input field should automatically get focus when the page loads.
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Example

Let the "First name" input field automatically get focus when the page loads:
First name:<input type="text" name="fname" autofocus>
Try it Yourself »

The form Attribute

The form attribute specifies one or more forms an <input> element belongs to.
Tip: To refer to more than one form, use a space-separated list of form ids.
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Example

An input field located outside the HTML form (but still a part of the form):
<form action="action_page.php" id="form1">
  First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" form="form1">
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The formaction Attribute

The formaction attribute specifies the URL of a file that will process the input control when the form is submitted.
The formaction attribute overrides the action attribute of the <form> element.
The formaction attribute is used with type="submit" and type="image".
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Example

An HTML form with two submit buttons, with different actions:
<form action="action_page.php">
  First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
  Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit"><br>
  <input type="submit" formaction="demo_admin.asp"
  value="Submit as admin">
</form>
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The formenctype Attribute

The formenctype attribute specifies how the form data should be encoded when submitted (only for forms with method="post").
The formenctype attribute overrides the enctype attribute of the <form> element.
The formenctype attribute is used with type="submit" and type="image".
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Example

Send form-data that is default encoded (the first submit button), and encoded as "multipart/form-data" (the second submit button):
<form action="demo_post_enctype.asp" method="post">
  First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
  <input type="submit" formenctype="multipart/form-data"
  value="Submit as Multipart/form-data">
</form>
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The formmethod Attribute

The formmethod attribute defines the HTTP method for sending form-data to the action URL.
The formmethod attribute overrides the method attribute of the <form> element.
The formmethod attribute can be used with type="submit" and type="image".
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Example

The second submit button overrides the HTTP method of the form:
<form action="action_page.php" method="get">
  First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
  Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
  <input type="submit" formmethod="post" formaction="demo_post.asp"
  value="Submit using POST">
</form>
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The formnovalidate Attribute

The formnovalidate attribute overrides the novalidate attribute of the <form> element.
The formnovalidate attribute can be used with type="submit".
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Example

A form with two submit buttons (with and without validation):
<form action="action_page.php">
  E-mail: <input type="email" name="userid"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit"><br>
  <input type="submit" formnovalidate value="Submit without validation">
</form>
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The formtarget Attribute

The formtarget attribute specifies a name or a keyword that indicates where to display the response that is received after submitting the form.
The formtarget attribute overrides the target attribute of the <form> element.
The formtarget attribute can be used with type="submit" and type="image".
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Example

A form with two submit buttons, with different target windows:
<form action="action_page.php">
  First name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
  Last name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit as normal">
  <input type="submit" formtarget="_blank"
  value="Submit to a new window">
</form>
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The height and width Attributes

The height and width attributes specify the height and width of an <input type="image"> element.
Always specify the size of images. If the browser does not know the size, the page will flicker while images load.
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Example

Define an image as the submit button, with height and width attributes:
<input type="image" src="img_submit.gif" alt="Submit" width="48" height="48">
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The list Attribute

The list attribute refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined options for an <input> element.
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Example

An <input> element with pre-defined values in a <datalist>:
<input list="browsers">

<datalist id="browsers">
  <option value="Internet Explorer">
  <option value="Firefox">
  <option value="Chrome">
  <option value="Opera">
  <option value="Safari">
</datalist>
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The min and max Attributes

The min and max attributes specify the minimum and maximum values for an <input> element.
The min and max attributes work with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime-local, month, time and week.
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Example

<input> elements with min and max values:
Enter a date before 1980-01-01:
<input type="date" name="bday" max="1979-12-31">

Enter a date after 2000-01-01:
<input type="date" name="bday" min="2000-01-02">

Quantity (between 1 and 5):
<input type="number" name="quantity" min="1" max="5">
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The multiple Attribute

The multiple attribute specifies that the user is allowed to enter more than one value in the <input> element.
The multiple attribute works with the following input types: email, and file.
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Example

A file upload field that accepts multiple values:
Select images: <input type="file" name="img" multiple>
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The pattern Attribute

The pattern attribute specifies a regular expression that the <input> element's value is checked against.
The pattern attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and password.
Tip: Use the global title attribute to describe the pattern to help the user.
Tip: Learn more about regular expressions in our JavaScript tutorial.
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Example

An input field that can contain only three letters (no numbers or special characters):
Country code: <input type="text" name="country_code" pattern="[A-Za-z]{3}" title="Three letter country code">
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The placeholder Attribute

The placeholder attribute specifies a hint that describes the expected value of an input field (a sample value or a short description of the format).
The hint is displayed in the input field before the user enters a value.
The placeholder attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and password.
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Example

An input field with a placeholder text:
<input type="text" name="fname" placeholder="First name">
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The required Attribute

The required attribute specifies that an input field must be filled out before submitting the form.
The required attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, password, date pickers, number, checkbox, radio, and file.
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Example

A required input field:
Username: <input type="text" name="usrname" required>
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The step Attribute

The step attribute specifies the legal number intervals for an <input> element.
Example: if step="3", legal numbers could be -3, 0, 3, 6, etc.
Tip: The step attribute can be used together with the max and min attributes to create a range of legal values.
The step attribute works with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime-local, month, time and week.
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Example

An input field with a specified legal number intervals:
<input type="number" name="points" step="3">
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